The strategic management is the planned use by the company to achieve goals, historically the strategic management known and definite by different schools proposed by Mintzberg.

Mintzberg’s taxonomy of strategic management schools is divided to three levels:

 

1    Prescriptive:

·         Design school:

In design school, the ideas are taken by the top manager and actions implemented by the subordinates. And we can use many tools as SWOT to analyze and identify the internal and external factors affect the organization

The design school of strategic management based to analyzing, identifying, describing, balancing, finding alternatives, evaluating, choosing and implementing.

·         Planning school:

The planning school is born with the design school, there are similar in its goals and also planning school based on SWOT analysis to detect the intern and extern factors, but the different is that the goals are quantifiable in planning school.

·         Positioning school:

Positioning school is become after design and planning schools with adding some news content, the idea behind the positioning school is  the limit set of strategies can fit any given firm, that no exist in design and planning school.

The basic idea of the positioning school is the strategy is generic, specifically common and identifiable positions in the market place (economic and competitive)

With this school, the firms start to know what is the low cost and the differentiation.

 

2    Describing:

·         Entrepreneurial school:

The entrepreneurial school recognize the top managers as the natural architect of strategies, it inspired by the economics and capitalism.

The top mains of this school is

+ Strategy exists in the mind of the leader as a vision.

+ Strategies are based on the experience and intuition of the leader.

+ The vision, (strategy), is flexible and can change over time

+ The organization requires flexibility to enable the leader to move at will

+ The entrepreneurial strategy often

·         Cognitive school:

The cognitive school based on understanding mind of the creative process from which strategies emerge. The mains of this school are:

+ Strategy formation is a cognitive process that takes place in the mind of the strategist.

+ Strategies become perspectives that influence the way people deal with their environment.

+ Strategies are difficult to accomplish in the beginning.

+ Strategies are suboptimal when they are finally attained.

·         Learning school:

The learning school become as an emergent process, it mean simply a strategy emerges when people come to learn from a situation and particular way the firms uses resources to deal with it.

·         Power school:

This school become as a process of negotiation, power is the exercise of influence beyond the solely economic group, and they integrate all about politics.

·         Culture school:

The culture school become as collective process, it mean not look to self-benefit, but to the collective one.

·         Environment school:

Environmental school is a reactive process, in this school, environment is not a mere external force, but the main factor influencing the strategy process.

In an extreme position, the school suggests that strategists are at the mercy of external forces and therefore, their capability of strategic choice is limited

 

3    Configuration:

·         Configuration school:

Configuration school as a process of transformation, this school come with:

+ Organization can be described in terms of a particular state of stability regarding its configuration.

+ The periods of stability and change alternate into consecutives successions, forming their own distinguishable